After testing your authorship setting and it says: "Your authorship setup is finished. Congratulations! However, please note that Google will only show your author portrait in search results when we think it will be useful to the user. Learn more."
It mentions that you can verify this setting by visiting http://plus.google.com/me/about/edit, to make sure that the Profile discovery section is set to Profile visible in search. If it says Profile not visible in search, click the Profile discovery section and then check Help others discover my profile in search.
But when you click on the given link, you cannot find the so-called Profile discovery section.
Anyway, this is how you can find the profile discovery section in Google Plus (+).
1. Click this link: https://plus.google.com/settings?hl=en
2. When the page appears, scroll down until the section called "Profile".
3. Among the list, look for "Help others discover my profile in search results".
4. If you want others to check Help others discover my profile in search, just check* on the small box in front of "Help others discover my profile in search results". See below.
*Note: To check means you click on the small box provided. A tick sign will appear inside the box.